器官移植是目前根治终末期器官功能衰竭的唯一有效手段。近年来,随着外科技术的成熟和移植免疫学的进步,器官移植取得了瞩目的发展。目前,肾移植、肝移植和心脏移植等器官移植已经常规开展。然而,随着器官移植受体人群数量增加、存活期延长,出现了许多新的问题,主要有以下三种: Organ transplantation is currently the only effective means to cure end-stage organ failure. In recent years, as the surgical technique matures and advances in transplantation immunology, organ transplantation has achieved remarkable development. At present, kidney transplantation, liver transplantation and heart transplantation and other organ transplantation has been routinely carried out. However, as the population of organ transplant recipients increases in number and survival, there are many new problems, mainly in the following three categories: