目的了解医院住院患者医院感染现状及医院感染相关管理指标情况,为提高医院感染防控能力和管理水平提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查的方法,对某教学医院2014年7月16日住院患者医院感染现患率进行调查。结果调查日该医院共有住院患者2 368例,实查率100%,查出医院感染166例、185例次,感染现患率7.01%、例次感染率7.81%。心血管外科感染率最高,达38.71%,其次是重症医学科、血液内科和保健医疗部,感染率依次为25.00%、20.16%和20.08%;感染部位以下呼吸道感染居首位,占60.54%;感染致病菌以鲍曼不动杆菌居首位;调查当日抗菌药物使用率为32.47%,治疗性用药占65.67%。结论该教学医院住院患者医院感染现患率偏高,重点加强感染率较高的科室感染控制工作。 Objective To understand the current status of nosocomial hospitalized patients with nosocomial infections and related indicators of nosocomial infection and provide reference for improving the prevention and control of nosocomial infections and management. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence of nosocomial infections among hospitalized patients on July 16, 2014 in a teaching hospital. Results On the survey day, there were 2 368 hospitalized patients in the hospital with a real-time examination rate of 100%. A total of 185 cases were found of nosocomial infection, with a prevalence of 7.01% and an infection rate of 7.81%. The prevalence rate of cardiovascular surgery was the highest (38.71%), followed by the departments of critical care medicine, hematology and health and medical care. The infection rates were 25.00%, 20.16% and 20.08% respectively. The respiratory tract infections below the infected sites were the highest, accounting for 60.54%. Acinetobacter baumannii infection in the first place; the day of the survey antibacterial drug use was 32.47%, therapeutic drug accounted for 65.67%. Conclusions The prevalence rate of nosocomial infection in hospital is high in this teaching hospital, and the department infection control with higher infection rate is emphasized.