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儿童少年时期正处在长身体、长知识比较显著的阶段,他们正在成长着的身体跟成人相比,具有许多不同的特点,因此不能将儿童看作成人的缩影,而且他们在不同年龄时期都具有一定的形态、生理特点。为了对儿童少年的生活、学习、体育锻炼等各方面提出合理的卫生要求,使他们在德、智、体几方面都得到全面发展,我们必须了解他们在不同年龄时期的形态、生理特点。儿童少年按其不同年龄阶段可分为:童年期(6～7岁到11～12岁,即小学阶段)和青春发育期(11～12岁到16～17岁,即中学阶段)。童年期我国儿童从6～7岁起都开始进入学校学习这个新的生活时期。此时,他们的整个生活活动便从学前期以游戏为主的活动转变为以学习为主。而在12岁前的儿童,除10～12岁女孩已临青春发育期的前夕其身高和体重显著增加外,这时期的儿童在身高、体重增长的速度一般均较平稳,身体向结实方面发展,对疾病
Children and adolescents are in the period of long body and long-term knowledge. The bodies they are growing have many different characteristics compared with adults, so children can not be regarded as the epitome of adults, and they are different age groups Has a certain shape, physiological characteristics. In order to put forward reasonable sanitation requirements for children’s life, study and physical exercise so that they can develop in all aspects of moral, intellectual and physical aspects, we must understand their morphological and physiological characteristics at different ages. Children and adolescents according to their different age stages can be divided into: childhood (6 to 7 years to 11 to 12 years of age, that is, primary school) and puberty (11 to 12 years old to 16 to 17 years, that is, secondary school stage). Childhood China’s children from the age of 6 to 7 have begun to enter the school to learn this new life period. At this point, their whole life activities from the pre-school game-based activities into learning-based. In addition, children aged 10 to 12 years old had a significant increase in their height and weight on the eve of their youthful development. However, the growth rate of height and weight of children aged 12 to 12 years was generally stable and the body developed to a strong level On the disease