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为了分析超声心动图的误诊原因，总结经验教训，以提高超声在心脏外科术前诊断中的准确率，我们回顾性地研究了从１９８６年到１９９４年九年间的超声误诊病例。与手术所见对比，按照我们提出的诊断符合标准，共有７９例超声误诊。７８例（９８．７３％）为先天性心脏病，表明先天性心脏病是超声误诊的主要疾病类型。与手术所见相比完全不同者１例（１．２６％），仅给出次要诊断者１例（１．２６％），多出或缺少主要诊断者７７例（９７．４６％）。超声误诊的主要原因是：诊断技术的限制，心脏疾病的复杂性和操作水平的差异性。我们认为超声检查的误诊病例，绝大多数来源于主要诊断的多出和缺少，经胸超声技术本身的限制性是导致误诊的主要原因。
To analyze the causes of misdiagnosis of echocardiography and to summarize the lessons learned in order to improve the accuracy of ultrasound in the preoperative diagnosis of cardiac surgery, we retrospectively studied the cases of ultrasound misdiagnosis from 1986 to 1994. Contrast with the surgery, according to our proposed diagnostic criteria, a total of 79 cases of ultrasound misdiagnosis. 78 cases (98.73%) were congenital heart disease, indicating that congenital heart disease is the main type of misdiagnosis of ultrasound. One patient (1.26%) was completely different from the surgical findings, one patient (1.26%) gave only minor diagnoses, and 77 patients (97.46%) were more or less major ones. The main causes of ultrasound misdiagnosis are: limitations of diagnostic techniques, complexity of heart disease and differences in operating levels. We believe that the majority of misdiagnosed cases of ultrasonography come from the over and under major diagnosis. The limitation of transthoracic ultrasound is the main reason leading to misdiagnosis.