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区域合作协议的中央批准权涉及中央政府和地方政府的事权分工,是我国区域法律治理中不容忽视的重大宪法问题。基于美国最高法院的经验和我国的具体国情,只有影响中央和地方的政治平衡的区域合作协议才需得到中央政府的批准,包括可能侵入中央政府权力的区域合作协议,影响中央政府控制力的区域合作协议以及法律和行政法规明文规定须经审批的区域合作协议。区域合作协议中央批准权的实现形式分为批准和备案两种,而中央批准机关则应当是国务院。中央批准权制度化可供选择的方案包括修改宪法方案、解释宪法方案以及法律完善方案。
The central approval authority of the regional cooperation agreement involves the division of power between the central government and the local government and is a major constitutional issue that can not be ignored in the regional legal governance in our country. Based on the experiences of the United States Supreme Court and China’s specific national conditions, only the regional cooperation agreement that affects the political balance between the central and local governments needs to be approved by the Central Government, including regional cooperation agreements that may invade the power of the Central Government and areas that affect the control of the Central Government Cooperation agreement and laws and administrative regulations expressly require approval of the regional cooperation agreement. The implementation form of the central approval authority for the regional cooperation agreement is divided into two types: approval and filing, while the central approval authority should be the State Council. Options for the institutionalization of the central authority for ratification include amending the constitutional program, interpreting the constitutional program and the legal refinement program.