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目的了解广州市小学生膳食营养知识健康教育干预效果,为改善小学生营养状况提供依据。方法以等比例概率抽样的方法抽取广州市15所小学1 608名学生作为研究对象,干预形式为健康教育。干预前后分别进行问卷调查,最后进行干预的效果评价。结果干预后与干预前比较,相关营养知识总知晓率从68.07%上升到81.21%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 000.00,P<0.01)。经过调整之后,除关于素食的正确观点干预前后无统计学意义(Z=-0.08,P=0.940),其他13项调查内容均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05),且知晓率均为干预后高于干预前。经过调整混杂因素后,营养知识总知晓率干预后(81.39%)高于干预前(66.46%)(Z=-35.92,P<0.01)。结论开展健康教育的干预手段对小学生膳食营养知识的提高是有效的。但是部分知识的干预效果相对较差,是今后健康教育的重点干预方向。
Objective To understand the effects of health education intervention on pupils’ nutrition knowledge in primary school in Guangzhou, and to provide basis for improving the nutritional status of pupils. Methods A total of 1 608 students from 15 primary schools in Guangzhou were selected as the subjects of study by means of proportional sampling. The intervention was health education. Before and after the intervention questionnaire were conducted, the final evaluation of the effect of intervention. Results Compared with before intervention, the total awareness rate of relevant nutritional knowledge increased from 68.07% to 81.21% after intervention, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1000.00, P <0.01). After adjustment, the other 13 items of the survey were statistically significant (P <0.05), with the exception of the correct view on vegetarian food before and after intervention (Z = -0.08, P = 0.940) After intervention than before intervention. After adjusting for confounding factors, the total awareness of nutritional knowledge after intervention (81.39%) was higher than before intervention (66.46%) (Z = -35.92, P <0.01). Conclusion Intervention means to carry out health education is effective to improve the nutrition knowledge of primary school students. However, the effect of some knowledge intervention is relatively poor, which is the key intervention direction of health education in the future.