委内瑞拉的石油储量居世界第五位,其西北的马拉开波盆地为西半球乃至世界油气最富的超大型盆地。自1914年以来已累积产油30×109桶,估计最终石油储量为44×109桶。虽为一个成熟盆地,但其剩余储量仍相当于100多个大型油田。1地质背景马拉开波盆地形成于北—北东向线性正断层控制 Venezuela has the fifth largest oil reserves in the world, and the Maracaibo Basin in the northwest is the richest and largest oil and gas basin in the Western Hemisphere and the world. Since 1914, 30 × 109 barrels of oil have been accumulated, with an estimated final oil reserve of 44 × 109 barrels. Although a mature basin, but its remaining reserves are still equivalent to more than 100 large oil fields. 1 Geological Background The Maracaibo Basin was formed in the north-northeast linear normal fault control