目的探讨急性脱髓鞘性脊髓病的临床特点及其早期诊断。方法回顾性分析14例急性脱髓鞘性脊髓病患者的临床资料。结果急性脱髓鞘性脊髓病多为亚急性发病,首发症状以感觉障碍为主,感觉平面逐渐上升,运动、自主神经功能障碍相继出现与加重,瘫痪存在不对称性;MRI检查呈等T1、长T1、长T2信号,病灶累及颈胸髓;无中枢神经系统其他病灶,病程单时相;脑脊液检查缺乏特异性诊断指标。结论急性脱髓鞘性脊髓病可作为脱髓鞘疾病中的一类诊断。 Objective To investigate the clinical features and early diagnosis of acute demyelinating myelopathy. Methods The clinical data of 14 patients with acute demyelinating myelopathy were retrospectively analyzed. Results Acute demyelinating myelopathy was mostly subacute. The first symptom was sensory disturbance, and the sensory level was gradually increased. Motor and autonomic dysfunction appeared one after another and aggravated. There was asymmetry in paralysis. MRI showed equal T1, Long T1, long T2 signal, the lesions involving the neck and thoracic; no other central nervous system lesions, duration of single-phase; lack of specific diagnostic indicators of cerebrospinal fluid. Conclusion Acute demyelinating myelopathy can be used as a kind of diagnosis in demyelinating diseases.