海洋约占地球表面积的71％,总面积为3.62亿平方公里。宽阔的海洋蕴藏着生物、矿物、化学、能源等多种资源,它是人类未来赖以生存和发展的资源宝库。生物资源是人类较早开发的海洋资源。据统计,全球海洋里的鱼类多达2万余种,还有牡蛎、蚶子、扇贝等贝类,乌贼、章鱼等软体动物,以及鲸鱼、海豚、海豹、海象等海兽。海洋生物还包括各种藻类,尤其是具有较高经济价值的绿藻、褐藻和红藻。这些海洋生物为人类提供了丰富的蛋白质、药材和工业原料。建立大规模的海洋渔牧场,是人类开发海洋生物资源的一个重要方向。据估计,1万平方米海洋人工养殖场的产量,将超过同面积陆地养殖场的几十倍。利用海洋生物工程技术,还可大幅度提高海洋农牧场产品的产量与质量。日本的“海洋牧场计划”,准备利用所有的河口、海湾建立由电脑控制的孵化场、养殖场、中间培育场和渔场。海洋生物学将通过海洋生物生态、遗传特性,以及其 Ocean accounts for about 71% of the Earth’s surface area, with a total area of ​​362 million square kilometers. The vast ocean contains a variety of resources such as biological, mineral, chemical and energy resources. It is a treasure house of resources for the survival and development of mankind in the future. Biological resources are the marine resources that human beings developed earlier. According to statistics, there are more than 20,000 species of fish in the world’s oceans, as well as mollusks such as oysters, razor clams and scallops, mollusks such as squid and octopus, and marine beasts such as whales, dolphins, seals and walruses. Marine life also includes a variety of algae, especially green algae, brown algae and red algae, which have high economic value. These marine organisms provide humans with abundant protein, medicinal and industrial raw materials. The establishment of a large-scale marine fishery is an important direction for mankind to develop marine living resources. It is estimated that the output of 10,000 square meters of marine artificial farms will exceed that of the same-area land farms a few times. The use of marine engineering technology, but also greatly enhance the output and quality of marine farm products. Japan’s “Marine Ranch Program” plans to use all estuaries and gulfs to build computer-controlled hatcheries, farms, intermediate farms and fisheries. Marine biology will pass the marine biological ecology, genetic traits, and its