Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of regional hyperthermia combined with intrapleural chemotherapy and to evaluate the effect on the immunologic cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with malignant pleural effusion. Methods: The 102 patients with malignant pleural effusion were included in this study: 52 patients undergoing regional hyperthermia with intrapleural chemotherapy (HICT), and 50 patients treated with intrapleural chemotherapy (ICT). Chemotherapy was administered into the thoracic cavity weekly through a tube with CDDP (dose = 40 mg/m2), and hyperthermia was performed twice a week for 60 minutes following the ICT. We evaluated the response rates and side-effects after 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment, T cell subsets and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry and VEGF was measured with ELISA kits. Results: Compared HICT to ICT, the overall response rates of the whole group, breast cancers and lung cancers were 80.8% vs 54% (P < 0.01), 86.7% vs 56.3% (P > 0.05) and 78.4% vs 52.9% (P < 0.05) respectively. The ratios of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and NK cells increased and the concentration of VEGF decreased more significantly after HICT. Conclusion: We concluded that combined regional hyperthermia with intrapleural chemotherapy could control the malignant pleural effusion effectively with mild toxicity. The levels of the T cell subset, NK cells and VEGF in both blood and effusion changed obviously. Objective: The aim of The study was to assess the efficacy of regional hyperthermia combined with intrapleural chemotherapy and to evaluate the effect on the immunologic cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with malignant pleural effusion. Methods: The 102 patients with malignant pleural effusion were included in this study: 52 patients undergoing regional hyperthermia with intrapleural chemotherapy (HICT), and 50 patients treated with intrapleural chemotherapy (ICT). Chemotherapy was administered into thoracic cavity weekly through a tube with CDDP (dose = 40 mg / m2), and hyperthermia was performed twice a week for 60 minutes following the ICT. We evaluated the response rates and side-effects after 4 weeks. Before and after the treatment, T cell subsets and NK cells were detected by flow cytometry and VEGF was measured with ELISA kits. Results: Compared HICT to ICT, the overall response rates of the whole group, breast cancers and lung cancers were 80.8% The ratios of CD4 +, CD4 + / CD8 + and NK cells increased and the concentration of VEGF decreased by 54% (P <0.01), 86.7% vs 56.3% (P> 0.05) and 78.4% vs 52.9% Conclusion: We said that combined regional hyperthermia with intrapleural chemotherapy could control the malignant pleural effusion effectively with mild toxicity. The levels of the T cell subset, NK cells and VEGF in both blood and effusion changed obviously.