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隧道等地下工程施工过程中,突涌事故一般发生在可溶岩隧道中,然而近些年非可溶岩隧道发生突涌事故的案例越来越多,给隧道施工带来重大灾难和经济损失。首先,通过3个突涌事故案例的剖析,揭示非可溶岩隧道突涌的本质是开挖或爆破扰动触发赋存在破碎带或软弱带中的水和碎屑物在自身压力作用下涌入隧道,其孕险环境必须同时具备物质条件、空间条件和触发条件,三者缺一不可。物质条件是充足的水和砾石、砂、泥等原地性或外源性的碎屑物;空间条件是突涌物的存储和运移的破碎带或软弱带等;触发条件是岩体的开挖扰动和爆破扰动。非可溶岩隧道施工过程中突涌灾害的预测就是对掌子面前方能够赋存潜在突涌物的破碎带或软弱带及其带内物质组成、固结程度的辨识。然后,针对突涌灾害的物质和空间条件给出基于地质、物探和钻探的综合超前预报体系;结合实践,重点建立地震波反射法(TGP)成果中的反射幅度比、波轴相似度等参数对异常地质体的地震动态响应特征。最后,将上述成果应用到岩前隧道的F17断层破碎带的预报中,通过宏观工程地质分析和已开挖段的地质调查及试验,全程动态追踪隧道揭露围岩的统计及力学特征;通过未开挖段长距离的TGP探测和短距离的地质雷达和水平钻孔探测,辨识隧道即将揭露区段突涌灾害的孕险环境,实现对断层破碎带位置、规模、空间展布的精确定位,对带内物质组成及胶结程度的确认,成功预测突涌事故的发生。实践证明,上述综合预报技术体系能够预测非可溶岩隧道的突涌灾害,其结果准确可靠,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。
In the process of underground engineering such as tunnel construction, sudden inrush accidents usually occur in soluble rock tunnels. However, there are more and more cases of sudden inrush accidents in non-soluble rock tunnels in recent years, causing serious disasters and economic losses to tunnel construction. First of all, through the analysis of three sudden accident cases, it reveals that the essence of non-dissolvable rock burst is that the excavation or blasting disturbance triggers the influx of water and debris in the broken or weak zone into the tunnel under its own pressure , Its risk-taking environment must have both physical conditions, space conditions and trigger conditions, the three are indispensable. Material conditions are sufficient water and gravel, sand, mud and other native or exogenous debris; space conditions are the surge in the storage and transport of broken or weak belt, etc .; trigger conditions are rock Excavation disturbances and blast disturbances. Prediction of inrush disaster during the construction of a non-soluble rock tunnel is the identification of the degree of consolidation and the formation of broken or weak bands and their bands in front of the face of a clavicle that can hold potential inrush. Then, a comprehensive prediction system based on geology, geophysics and drilling is given for material and space conditions of outbursts. Based on the practice, we focus on the establishment of parameters such as reflection amplitude ratio and wave-axis similarity in seismic reflection method (TGP) Seismic Dynamic Response Characteristics of Abnormal Geological Body. Finally, the above results are applied to the prediction of the F17 fault fracture zone in the Precursor Tunnel. Through the macroscopic engineering geological analysis and the geological investigation and experiment of the excavated section, the dynamic and dynamic tracking tunnels are used to reveal the statistical and mechanical characteristics of the surrounding rock. TGP exploration of long-distance excavation section and detection of geologic radar and horizontal borehole with short distance will identify the exposure environment of sudden surge disaster in the section of tunnel and realize the precise positioning of the location, scale and spatial distribution of fault fracture zone. Confirming the composition of the in-band material and the degree of cementing, successfully predicted the occurrence of sudden surge. Practice has proved that the above comprehensive forecasting technology system can predict inrush surge of non-soluble rock tunnels and the result is accurate and reliable, which can provide reference and reference for similar projects.