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近50年来,由于传染病的控制及营养的改善,已经导致婴儿死亡率降低,而由先天性畸形造成的新生儿及婴儿的死亡率,则相对增高。每五个婴儿死亡例中,就有一个是由于先天性畸形所致,这一比例在死产中甚至还要高一些。在所有婴儿中,约有6％是生下来就有畸形的,其中以中枢神经系统缺陷及心血管系统缺陷最为严重。在中枢神经系统畸形中,最为普通的是神经管缺陷,其中包括无脑畸形、脑膨出及脊柱裂。
In the past 50 years, due to the control of infectious diseases and the improvement of nutrition, the infant mortality rate has been reduced. However, the mortality rate of neonates and infants caused by congenital malformations has been relatively increased. One out of every five infant deaths is due to a congenital malformation, a proportion that is even higher at stillbirths. About 6% of all infants are born with deformities, of which central nervous system defects and cardiovascular system defects are the most serious. In the central nervous system deformity, the most common is the neural tube defects, including anencephaly, encephalocele and spina bifida.