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我国的黑土,主要分布在东北松辽平原的东部,是著名的粮仓,生产潜力很大。但开发以来由于对资源的利用管理不善,农田生态系统的平衡受到破坏,土壤肥力下降,自然灾害增多,如不及时加以适当调整,农业生产很难发展。本文试图用生态学的观点,论述黑土自然生态系统的基本特点,农田生态系统的现状,以及在黑土地区建立一个稳定的农田生态系统的初步设想。 一、黑土自然生态系统的基本特点 黑土地区处在我国的北温带,年平均气温0.5～6.1年平均降雨量500～600毫米左右。由于季风气候的影响,冬季寒冷,夏季炎热,又由于纬度偏北,夏季日照时间较长,光照条件与我国长江中下游相
China’s black soil, mainly distributed in the eastern part of Songliao Plain in the northeast, is well-known granary, with great potential for production. However, due to poor utilization and management of resources since the development, the balance of farmland ecosystem has been destroyed, the soil fertility has declined and natural disasters have increased. If not properly adjusted in time, agricultural production is hard to develop. This paper attempts to use ecological point of view to discuss the basic characteristics of natural ecosystems in black soil, the current status of farmland ecosystems, and the initial idea of establishing a stable farmland ecosystem in the black soil areas. First, the basic characteristics of natural black soil Black soil region is located in the northern temperate zone of China, the annual average temperature 0.5 ~ 6. 1 year average rainfall of about 500 ~ 600 mm. Due to the influence of the monsoon climate, the winter is cold and the summer is hot. Because of the latitude northward and the summer sunshine longer, the light conditions are similar to those of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China