傅斯年的哲学思想长期被学界忽略,导致片面理解其史学思想。他其实是一位具备深厚理论素养的理论家,不仅在历史理论研究方面身体力行,而且其哲学思想颇富现代特征。要真正理解傅斯年史学思想的意旨,消解所谓傅斯年思想的自身矛盾,必须将其置于现代科学/哲学思想的序列中,理解为一个具备连续性和统一性的理论体系。傅斯年反对的仅仅是近代理性主义意义上的历史理论,但实际上结合现代科学的整体知识观念,奉行演绎主义的历史理论。他的立场不是西方近代基于归纳法的实证主义,而是基于历史语境主义和演绎主义的新实证主义。在此意义上,他的思想是超越主客二元对立的,不仅不能简单地把他理解为那种狭隘的客观主义者,而且在他的理论体系中,主体性甚至更加不容忽视。 Fu Sinian’s philosophical thinking has long been neglected by the academic community, leading to one-sided understanding of its historical thought. In fact, he is a theorist with profound theoretical accomplishments. He not only practices himself in the study of historical theory, but also has modern philosophical thinking. In order to truly understand the essence of Fu Sinian’s historiographical thinking, to resolve its own contradictions of Fu Sinian’s thought must be placed in the sequence of modern scientific / philosophical thought and understood as a theoretical system with continuity and unity. Fu Sinian opposed only historical theory in the sense of modern rationalism. In fact, he combined with the overall knowledge concept of modern science and pursued the historical theory of deductiveism. His position is not positivism based on induction in modern West, but neo-positivism based on historical contextualism and deductiveism. In this sense, his thinking transcends dualism between subject and object, not only can not be understood simply as a narrow objectivist, but in his theoretical system, the subjectivity even more can not be ignored.