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严复译赫胥黎(Thomas H.Huxley)的Evolutionand Ethics为《天演论》,将进化论介绍到中国。陈独秀的思想深受进化论影响,他创办的《新青年》,其思想宗旨与进化论渊源深厚。对赫胥黎原著、严复《天演论》及陈独秀等人在《新青年》上发表的论文进行对比研究,可以发现,他们都强调“变”。到新文化运动时期,进化论“变”的观点已深入人心,但此时,以陈独秀为代表的“新青年”要求“变”得更彻底。这体现在了进化论在适用范围上的进一步扩大,“新文化运动”时期的“新旧之争”彻底确立了一种新胜旧、后胜今,以时间的线性发展划分历史的进步观。在这一时期,进化理论在中国最终完成了从一种学说上升为一种世界观乃至于一种意识形态的过程。
Yan Fu translated Huxley (Thomas H. Huxley) Evolution and Ethics as “Evolution and Ethics”, the theory of evolution to China. Chen Duxiu’s thought was deeply influenced by evolutionism. The “new youth” founded by him was deeply rooted in his ideological tenet and evolutionary theory. A comparative study of the papers published by Huxley, Yan Fu’s “Evolution and Ethics” and Chen Duxiu’s work on “New Youth” reveals that they all emphasized “changing”. At the time of the New Culture Movement, the view of evolution “change” has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but at this time, “new youth” represented by Chen Duxiu demanded that “changing” should be more thorough. This is manifested in the further expansion of the scope of application of the theory of evolution. In the period of “New Culture Movement”, “the struggle between old and new” completely established a new victory over the old and victory over the present, dividing the history by the linear development of time Progress concept. During this period, evolutionary theory finally completed the process of rising from a doctrine to a world view and even an ideology in China.