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在调查研究井下开采引起的地表及岩层变形时,很明显地可以看出其变形的不对称现象。还可看出,这种不对称不仅仅是由于岩层倾斜所引起的,而且在开采水平矿层时也有同样的不对称现象。地表及岩层移动观测结果表明,在采区开采不断进行的动态过程中,也产生这种上覆岩层和地表移动变形的不对称现象。我们知道,按照经典的而又是常用的“影响函数理论”,假设开采水平沉积的单元矿层时,所引起的单元下沉盆地可用下式确定:
When investigating the deformation of surface and rock formations caused by underground mining, it is obvious that the deformation asymmetry phenomenon can be seen. It can also be seen that this asymmetry is not only caused by rock strata but also by the same asymmetry in horizontal mining. The observation results of surface and rock movement show that the unsymmetrical deformation of the overlying rock and the ground surface also occur in the continuous dynamic process of mining. We know that according to the classic and commonly used “theory of influence function”, it is hypothesized that the unit subsidence basin caused by the mining of horizontal unit deposits can be determined by the following formula: