一法国生物学家贝尔纳说过“妨碍人们学习的最大障碍,并不是未知的东西,而是已知的东西”。因为已知的东西,往往制约了你的思想,并妨碍你思想的形成。于是学者纷纷呼吁阅读与写作的质疑思维。孙绍振教授说:“美国SAT评分标准中,就有批判思维的原则,既是对学生素质的要求,也是议论文的根本原则。这也就要对一切公认的说法,包括谚语、格言,都要进行反思,不管是马克思主义,还是建构主义,其活的灵魂,都是具体问题具体分析。”[孙绍振. Bernard Bernard, a French biologist, said: “The biggest obstacle to learning is not something that is unknown but known.” Because of what is known, it often restricts your thinking and hinders the formation of your thoughts. So scholars have called for reading and writing questioning thinking. Professor Sun Shao-zhen said: “Among the SAT grading standards in the United States, there is the principle of critical thinking, which is both a requirement for the quality of students and a fundamental principle for argumentative essays. It also requires that all accepted statements, including proverbs and maxims, be made Reflections, whether Marxism, constructivism, and the living soul, are all concrete analyzes of specific problems. ”[Sun Shaozhen.