Recent studies on stomatal ontogenesis and function provided important insights into plasticity strategies that plants employ to optimize their development by balancing their requirements for carbon and water under diverse environmental conditions.Research on stomata progressed from physiological and cell biological approaches for the identification of important regulatory genes by genetic tools to recent isolation of stomatal guard cells by different techniques in order to analyze their transcriptomic and proteomic profiles.Moreover, development of the stomatal lineage appeared as an appealing model to study cell identity, division, and morphology pattems in plants.