天麻为兰科植物天麻Gastrodia elata Bl-ume的干燥块茎。近年来,市场上常以马铃薯、大丽菊、紫茉莉、芭蕉芋、羽裂蟹甲草、商陆六种植物的根或根茎冒充天麻,造成了市场药材品种混乱、药物疗效下降等现象。为提高药材质量、增强药物疗效,有必要对商品天麻及其伪品进行区别。正品天麻:形状呈长椭园形或条形,略扁。上端有鹦哥嘴或残留茎基;下端有园形的疤痕。表面呈淡黄白色或淡黄棕色,皮未去净的可见由小点排列成的环纹。断面呈淡黄白色或淡黄棕色,明亮。气味微甘。显微镜见多角形或长多 Gastrodia elata is the dry tuber of the Gastrodia elata Bl-ume. In recent years, the market often uses the roots or rhizomes of six kinds of plants such as potato, dahlia, violet jasmine, canna scrofula, plumed crab crabgrass and pokeweed to impersonate gastrodia, causing confusion in the variety of medicinal materials in the market and a decrease in drug efficacy. In order to improve the quality of medicinal materials and enhance the efficacy of drugs, it is necessary to distinguish between commercial gastrodin and its counterfeit products. Authentic Gastrodia elata: The shape is long elliptic or bar-shaped, slightly flat. The top has a budgerigar mouth or residual stem base; the lower end has a circular scar. The surface is yellowish-white or yellow-brown, and the skin does not go to the net. The section is yellowish white or yellowish brown and bright. Slightly sweet smell. Microscope sees polygon or long