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生存心态具有连续性和稳定性的特点,布迪厄强调在场域中经历的原初生存经验对于个体生存心态建构的重要性。义务教育阶段是道德主体经历原初经验较多的时期,是个体道德养成的关键阶段。在“生存心态”视域下,我国义务教育德育存在知识化倾向的德育侵蚀德育的特性、政治化倾向的德育窄化德育的内容、工具化倾向的德育歪曲德育的本质等困境,其根源在于忽视个体早期生存心态在道德建构中的作用。提高义务教育阶段德育的有效性,必须充分挖掘生活素材,合理利用道德主体的原初生存体验;合理利用网络等新媒体的作用,丰富德育主体的生存心态体验。
Survival mentality has the characteristics of continuity and stability. Bourdieu emphasizes the importance of the original survival experience experienced in the field for the construction of individual survival mentality. The stage of compulsory education is the period when the moral subject experiences more initial experiences and is the crucial stage of individual morality development. In the view of “survival mentality ”, moral education in our compulsory education has the tendency of knowledge-based erosion of the characteristics of moral education, the tendency of moral education to narrow the content of moral education, instrumental tendency of moral education distorts the essence of moral education, The root cause lies in ignoring the individual's early survival mentality in moral construction. To improve the effectiveness of moral education at the stage of compulsory education, we must fully tap the material of life and make rational use of the original survival experience of moral subjects. We should make rational use of the new media such as internet to enrich the living experience of moral subjects.