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在普希金的名作《驿站长》中,杜尼娅为了追求个人幸福,与骠骑兵大尉明斯基不辞而别,抛弃了父亲维林;维林于京城寻女不遂,受到女儿和女婿的不公平对待,备受打击,陷入因情感真空和生活无序而形成的伦理困境,并最终悲惨死去。由此,杜尼娅个人主义行为严重违背了普遍认同的集体主义家庭伦理原则,破坏了充满人道主义精神的民族伦理秩序。小人物维林的悲惨命运和潦倒至死,主要原因在于女儿的伦理越位而导致的伦理困境。作为一个隐喻文本,《驿站长》本质上是一出现代化变革之初社会背景下的家庭伦理悲剧,其叙述重心不在于批评贵族和平民之间的阶级压迫,而在于表达对因现代化变革而引发的民族伦理失范之忧思和警醒,对处于弱势地位的小人物的深切同情和人道关怀。
In Pushkin’s masterpiece “Innkeeper”, Dunia in pursuit of personal happiness, and Mieshuiji Minsky farewell, abandoned his father Willin; Willin in the capital to find women unsuccessful, subject to the unfair treatment of daughter and son-in-law, Hit hard, plunged into ethical dilemmas caused by emotional vacuum and disorderly life, and finally died tragically. As a result, Dounia’s individualism seriously violated the universally accepted principle of collectivist family ethics and undermined the ethical ethical order full of humanitarianism. The tragic fate of the petty Willie and his downfall to death mainly due to the ethical predicament caused by the daughter’s ethics offside. As a metaphorical text, “postmaster” is essentially a family tragedy of the family in the early days of the modern revolution. The focus of his narrative is not to criticize class oppression between aristocrats and civilians, The worry and vigilance of the ethical anomie, the deep sympathy and humane care for the disadvantaged little people.