《纳粹与理发师》以荒诞夸张的手法讲述了一个杀人犯与受害者身份替换的故事。小说一个突出特征,是大量夸张的性描写;这种手法饱含社会批判和反思张力,却至今未得到认真细致的研究。受到德国近年文化学研究成果的启发,本文首先尝试探索性与纳粹反犹思想的密切关系,然后回归小说,解读文本中性描写背后的深层寓意。本文认为,作为偏见和混乱的导火索,性这一典型非理性元素,并非小说批判的主旨,而是一种辅助认识的手段;人类真正需要启蒙和反思的,不是本能与性所代表的非理性本身,而是如何防止以理性为幌子周而复始地制造混乱。 Nazi and barber told the story of a murderer and victim identity replacement with absurd exaggeration. A prominent feature of the novel is a large amount of exaggerated sexual description; this method is full of social criticism and reflection tension, but so far it has not been carefully studied. Inspired by the achievements of German cultural studies in recent years, this article first attempts to explore the close relationship between sexuality and anti-Semitism of Nazis, and then returns to the novel to interpret the deep meaning behind the neutral description of texts. This paper argues that, as the fuse of prejudice and confusion, the typical irrational element of sex is not the subject of criticism of the novel, but a means of assisting cognition; what humans really need for enlightenment and reflection is not represented by instinct and sex Irrationality itself, but how to prevent chaos from being created in a recurring fashion under the guise of reason.