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前言矿业开发是人类生存和社会发展活动中一个非常重要的组成部分，世界90％的工业品和17％的消费品是用矿物原料生产的；目前我国95％的能源和85％的原材料均仰赖矿产资源，因此矿业开发是社会不可缺少的活动。矿业开发既促进了社会进步和经济发展，也同时给环境造成了日益严
Foreword Mining development is a very important part of human survival and social development. 90% of the world’s industrial products and 17% of consumer goods are made from mineral raw materials. At present, 95% of our energy and 85% of raw materials depend on mineral resources Resources, mining development is an indispensable activity in society. Mining development not only promoted social progress and economic development, but also made the environment increasingly strict