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压力容器、桥梁结构、海洋工程结构等在服役过程中经常会在弯曲应力作用下发生失效,因此,研究上述结构的材料或构件在弯曲应力作用下的力学行为具有重要意义。悬臂弯曲加载方式不仅可以产生一个弯曲应力,而且可以通过调长力臂长度,使得只须在试样施力端施加一个很小的力,就能够在试样的最大弯矩附近产生一个甚至可以超过材料屈服强度的应力,对试验机的载荷容量要求不高,因此,在试验领域应用前景广阔。本文根据悬臂弯曲加载方式的特点,从试样的施力端夹具、约束端夹具、力臂调节装置、试验机作动器抗偏心能力、机架刚性等方面进行分析、探讨和设计,并以10Cr Ni Mo结构钢为研究对象,介绍了在该加载方式下的试验应用,包括材料及构件的高低周疲劳、低周疲劳表面裂纹扩展速率,以及材料及构件的静态拉伸或压缩性能等试验。
Pressure vessels, bridge structures and marine engineering structures often fail under bending stress during service. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanical behavior of materials and structures under the bending stress. Cantilever bending loading not only produces a bending stress, but also by adjusting the arm length so that only a small force is exerted on the force exertion of the specimen, a specimen can be produced near the maximum bending moment even beyond the material Yield strength of the stress, the load capacity of the testing machine is not demanding, therefore, in the field of application of the test is promising. In this paper, according to the characteristics of cantilever bending loading method, the analysis, discussion and design of the specimen from the end of force fixture, restraint end fixture, arm adjustment device, the anti-eccentricity of the test machine actuator, the rigidity of the frame, and 10Cr Ni Mo structural steel as the research object, the application of the test under the loading mode is introduced, including high and low cycle fatigue of materials and components, surface crack propagation rate of low cycle fatigue, and static tensile or compressive properties of materials and components.