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本文对1978-2003年我国各省份城市及农村居民之间的收入、消费差异,各省份城市与农村居民之间的收入差距、消费差距作了比较系统的实证研究,发现这25年间:(1)城镇居民人均可支配收入(包括人均储蓄指标)、人均生活消费支出增速东部地区大于中、西部地区,城镇居民人均可支配收入、人均生活消费支出东部地区省际之间的离散程度大于中、西部地区;(2)农村居民人均纯收入、农村居民人均生活消费支出东部地区增速大于中、西部地区,人均生活消费支出东部地区省际之间的离散程度大于中、西部地区;(3)1978-2003年,东部地区的城乡收入(消费)绝对差距一直高于中、西部地区,西部地区则一直是全国城乡收入比和消费比(即相对差距)最大的地区。本文还从耐用消费品的实物拥有量上验证了上述结论。最后文章指出,国民收入初次分配出现收入上的区域差距、城乡差距可以说是市场经济下公平竞争、效率法则、优胜劣汰的一种必然结果,而且对于我国可能还会在较长时间内客观存在;政府的作用空间就是通过建立有效的国民收入再分配体系,不使这些差距过大,不影响整个社会的稳定。
This paper makes a comparatively systematic and empirical study of the income and consumption differences between urban and rural residents in various provinces of China from 1978 to 2003 and the income and consumer discrepancies between urban and rural residents in various provinces in China. It is found that in these 25 years: (1 Per capita disposable income (including per capita savings index) and per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents are higher in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. Per capita disposable income of urban residents and per capita consumption expenditure are greater than those in the central region , And the western region. (2) Per Capita Net Income of Rural Residents and Per Capita Living Consumption Expenditure of Rural Residents The growth rate of the eastern region is greater than that of the central and western regions. The discrepancy in living expenditure per capita between eastern provinces and inter-provincial provinces is greater than that in the central and western regions. ) In 1978-2003, the absolute gap between urban and rural incomes (consumption) in the eastern region was consistently higher than that in the central and western regions while the western region was the region with the largest ratio of urban-rural income and consumption (ie, relative gap) in the country. This article also validates the above conclusion from the physical possession of durable consumer goods. The last article points out that there is a regional disparity in income for the initial distribution of national income, and that urban-rural disparity can be said to be a necessary result of fair competition, efficiency law and survival of the fittest in a market economy, and it may still exist objectively for a long time in our country. The government’s role in space is through the establishment of an effective system of redistribution of national income that does not make these differences too large and does not affect the stability of the entire society.