一、引言在我国沿海各港中,特别是华北、华东等地海河、黄河、长江、钱塘江和甬江入海口附近,土层大多属于近代淤积层,因此,在港口工程中遇到的土层往往都是正常压密的。然而有时也会由于工程中的人为开挖等而形成超压密土层,例如在沿岸建造码头时,不但需要在后方回填,而且常常还在前沿挖泥,以达到要求的水深,这样就使码头前沿的土层变为轻度超压密。在船坞和船闸中也有基坑开挖引起的超压密情况。在这些 I. INTRODUCTION In the coastal areas of China, especially in the areas of the Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Yangtze River, the Qiantang River, and the Lancang River near the sea inlets in North China and East China, most of the soil layers belong to the modern siltation layer. Therefore, the soil layer encountered in the port engineering It is often normal and compact. However, overpressured soil layers may sometimes be formed due to artificial excavation in the works. For example, when constructing quaysides along the coast, not only do they need to be backfilled at the rear, but often they are still dredging at the front to achieve the required water depth. The soil on the front of the pier has become slightly over-densified. Excessive compaction caused by foundation pit excavation also occurred in the docks and locks. In these