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在苏联人民消费品总量中,农产品和以农产品为原料的工业品占四分之三。所以,农业在实现提高人民福利的总方针中占有重要的地位。发展农业生产的基本任务是:(1)保证居民有丰富而精美的食品,保证工业生产所需的原料;(2)为逐步缩小城乡差别创造条件。目前,苏联每一成年人每天所摄入的热量已达到3,000—3,200大卡。按营养学角度所需的食品结构来看,尚不够理想。粮食制品,马铃薯的实际消费量比合乎营养学标准的需要量多25%左右,而肉、奶少20—30%,蔬菜和瓜类少40%左右,水果少60%以上。因此,苏联把今后发展的重点放在肉、奶等畜产品,以及瓜、果、蔬菜的生产上。发展畜牧业生产首先要解决饲料问题,所以发展谷物生产仍然处于优先地位。第十一个五年计划规定,1981—1985年谷物的年平均产量要达到2.38—2.43亿吨,到1990年人均产量将达到一吨的水平。“十一·五”计划还规定,1985年肉产量要达到1,950万吨,并大大增加奶类和蛋类的生产。到该五年计划结束时,苏联居民消费的各类食品数量将大大接近于有科学根据的标准。
In the total mass of consumer goods in the Soviet Union, agricultural products and agricultural products as raw materials account for three-quarters of the total. Therefore, agriculture plays an important role in realizing the general principle of improving people’s welfare. The basic tasks of developing agricultural production are: (1) to ensure that residents have rich and exquisite food and ensure the raw materials needed for industrial production; and (2) to create conditions for gradually narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. At present, the daily intake of calories per adult in the Soviet Union has reached 3,000-3,200 kcal. According to the nutritional aspects of the food structure required, is not ideal. The actual consumption of foodstuffs and potatoes is about 25% more than the nutritional standard, while meat and milk are 20-30% less, vegetables and melons are about 40% less, fruits are less than 60%. Therefore, the Soviet Union will focus on the future development of meat, milk and other livestock products, as well as melons, fruits, vegetables production. The development of livestock husbandry must first address feed issues and therefore the development of cereal production remains a priority. The eleventh five-year plan stipulates that the annual average grain output in 1981-1985 will reach 238-345 million tons and by 1990 the per-capita output will reach one tonne. The “11th Five-Year Plan” also stipulates that the meat output in 1985 will reach 19.5 million tons and greatly increase the production of milk and eggs. By the end of the five-year plan, the quantities of all kinds of food consumed by the inhabitants of the Soviet Union will be substantially closer to scientifically based criteria.