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南宋继承北宋科举取士的官僚再生产规模,大量通过千分之一高倍率的激烈竞争及第者,在仕途上遭遇到比北宋更为激烈的新一轮升迁竞争。多数在政界缺乏背景的普通及第者,尽管可以成为低级官僚,由于制度上和人际关系上的因素,却几乎无法挣脱出通向成为中高级官僚的瓶颈。严酷的现实让对仕途绝望的士人与主流政治产生疏离,导致士人流向多元化。
The Southern Song Dynasty inherited the bureaucratic reproduction scale of imperial examinations in the Northern Song Dynasty. Through a large one-thousandth high-rate fierce competition and the first one, it encountered a new round of promotion and competition more intensely than the Northern Song Dynasty. Most of the ordinary and those who lack the background in the political circles, though they can become lower-level bureaucrats, can hardly get rid of the bottleneck that leads to becoming middle-level and senior bureaucrats due to their institutional and interpersonal relations. The harsh reality alienated the desperate taxonomies from mainstream politics and led to the diversification of intellectuals.