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世界贫困人口的近2/3分布在亚洲,社会救助作为最后的安全网和反贫困的有效手段可以扩大社会保障的覆盖面并为这些贫困人口提供适当的社会保护。目前,亚洲各国的社会救助不够完善、水平偏低且差异性大,旨在维持最低生活标准的最低收入支持制度在大多数国家普遍缺位,而针对特定弱势群体的类别型救助和包括教育、医疗等社会服务在内的专项型救助的随意性大、不够规范。出于缓解贫困和促进人力资本与社会发展的需要,亚洲国家急需重构社会救助体系,为此,需要选择适当的救助理念,明确社会救助在社会保障体系中的地位,并改进社会救助项目与水平的设置。
Nearly two-thirds of the world’s poor are located in Asia, and as a final safety net and effective anti-poverty aid, social assistance can increase social protection coverage and provide adequate social protection for these poor people. At present, the social assistance in various Asian countries is not perfect enough, the level is low and the difference is great. The minimum income support system aimed at maintaining the minimum standard of living is generally vacant in most countries. However, the category-based relief for disadvantaged groups and the education, Specialized assistance such as social services such as medical care is arbitrary and not standardized. For the purpose of alleviating poverty and promoting human capital and social development, Asian countries urgently need to reconstruct the social assistance system. To this end, we need to select an appropriate concept of assistance, clarify the role of social assistance in the social security system and improve social assistance programs and Horizontal setting.