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城市是人类创造的一种具有高度文明的聚居形式,它在人类活动的历史长河中很早就占有一定的地位。但因生产力发展长期处于落后的水平,农村一直是人类的主要聚居形式。直至进入工业化时代,城市化进程开始加速。20世纪后半叶起,发展中国家城市化进程开始加速,促使世界城市化水平逐步提高。根据联合国经社理事会人口部《世界城市化展望》(2005年版)提供的数据,2008年世界城市化水平首次达到50%,人类从此进入了城市时代。
City is a highly civilized form of settlement created by mankind. It occupies a very long position in the long history of human activities. However, due to the long-term backwardness in the development of productive forces, the countryside has always been the main form of human settlement. Until entering the era of industrialization, the process of urbanization began to accelerate. Beginning of the second half of the 20th century, the process of urbanization in developing countries began to accelerate, prompting a gradual increase in the level of urbanization in the world. According to the data provided by the World Economic Outlook for the World Urbanization of the UN Economic and Social Council Population (2005 Edition), the world’s urbanization level reached 50% for the first time in 2008, and humanity has since entered the urban era.