在阿兰·奈斯看来 ,深层生态学既是一种社会思潮 ,又是以这种思潮为指导的一场旨在改变现行实践模式的社会运动。作为一种社会思潮 ,它是一个由一系列基本原理构成的演绎性的逻辑体系。奈斯认为 ,深层生态学的理论内核是八大原理 ,而在其背后 ,还有更为基本的前提与终极规范 ,即各种生态智慧。而奈斯本人的生态智慧的终极规范是 (大 )自我实现 In Alain Ness’s view, deep ecology is both a social trend of thought and a social movement guided by this trend of thought that aims to change the current practice model. As a social trend of thought, it is a deductive logic system composed of a series of basic principles. Ness believes that the theoretical core of deep ecology is the eight principles, but behind it, there are more basic prerequisites and ultimate norms, that is, a variety of ecological wisdom. The ultimate criterion of Ness’s own ecological wisdom is (large) self-actualization