官僚制和新公共管理是西方公共行政发展历程中出现的两种范式,它们各有优劣,适应不同的社会发展阶段。西方公共行政改革路径演进的实质不是两者的零和博弈,而是正和博弈。在后工业社会,承担公共行政职能的是新公共管理与官僚制的融合,这种融合以新公共管理批判修正官僚制的方式进行。我国处于由传统农业社会向现代工业社会的转型期,具有特殊的公共行政环境,公共行政改革应选择“完善官僚制为主+推行新公共管理为辅”的道路。 Bureaucratic system and new public management are two kinds of paradigms that appear in the course of the development of western public administration. Each has advantages and disadvantages and adapts to different stages of social development. The essence of the evolution of the western public administration reform is not the zero-sum game, but the positive game. In the post-industrial society, the function of public administration was the integration of new public administration and bureaucracy. This integration took place in a way that the new public administration criticized the revision of the bureaucracy. Our country is in the transitional period from the traditional agricultural society to the modern industrial society, and has a special environment of public administration. The reform of public administration should choose the path of “improving the bureaucracy and promoting the new public management.”