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目的：探讨有关传染性单核细胞增多症发生肾损害的危险因素,探讨预防肾损害的方法。方法回顾性分析我院46例儿童传染性单核细胞增多症伴肾损害患儿的资料,并随机抽选该病未发生肾损害的患儿资料46例进行对比分析。结果本次观察中，肾损害组年龄在3～7岁段肾损害发生率为45.65%（21/46），男性患儿肾损害发生率76.09%（35/46），病程(7.6±3.1) d、发热时间(9.1±3.6)d，重症率为60.87%（28/46），均高于非肾损害组数据。全部患者随访一个月，均预后良好。结论传染性单核细胞增多症发生肾损害的危险因素与年龄、性别、病程、发热时间及病情程度相关。“,”Objective: To discuss the related risk factors of renal damage caused by infectious mononucleosis and preventive methods of renal damage. Method: Clinical data of 46 children with renal damage caused by infectious mononucleosis were analyzed retrospectively and 46 children without renal damage were randomly chosen for comparison. Result: In the observation, occurrence rate of renal damage of 3~7 year old children of rental damage group was 45.65% (21/46), occurrence rate of renal damage of male children was 76.09% (35/46), course of disease was (7.6±3.1) d, fever lasting time (9.1±3.6)d, severe case rate 60.87% (28/46), al higher than non-renal damage group. Al patients were given one month fol ow-up visit and their prognosis was al good. Conclusion: Risk factors of renal damage caused by infectious mononucleosis were related with age, gender, course of disease, fever lasting time and disease severity.