目的分析广西地区新生儿甲状腺功能低下(congenital hypothyroidism,CH)可疑阳性的召回情况及未召回原因,制定对策以提高召回率。方法对2012-2013年广西新生儿疾病筛查中心新生儿CH筛查召回情况进行分析,以各合作单位送检的所有新生儿为对象,测定血样中TSH含量,筛查结果阳性者及时电话召回,以血清标本复查确诊。结果 2012-2013年广西新生儿疾病筛查中心共筛查488 519例,初筛阳性7 777例,召回6 559例,确诊CH 321例,发病率1/1 522。不同初筛结果、不同生活环境可疑患儿召回率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、不同产院之间可疑患儿召回率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);未召回原因主要是经济问题。结论广西地区地理环境因素及家长对新生儿疾病筛查的认识对新生儿疾病筛查率和召回率有极大的局限性。 Objective To analyze the recall of suspicious positive cases of neonatal hypothyroidism (CH) in Guangxi and the reasons for the failure to recall, and to develop countermeasures to improve the recall rate. Methods The recall of CH screening of newborns in Guangxi Neonatal Disease Screening Center between 2012 and 2013 was analyzed. All the newborns submitted by each cooperative unit were tested for the content of TSH in the blood samples. If the screening result was positive, the telephone call was recalled in time , Confirmed by serum sample review. Results A total of 488 519 cases were screened from Guangxi Neonatal Disease Screening Center between 2012 and 2013. There were 7 777 positive cases, 6 559 cases were recalled, 321 cases were diagnosed CH, and the incidence was 1/1 522. There was no significant difference in the recall rates of suspicious children between different sexes and different birthplaces (P> 0.05). The reasons for not recalling are mainly economic issues. Conclusion The geographical environment factors in Guangxi and parents’ understanding of neonatal disease screening have great limitations on screening rate and recall rate of neonatal diseases.