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老戏翻新十月革命70周年前夕,我们中国戏剧家代表团访问了苏联和波兰。到莫斯科,即逢全苏戏剧节开幕。戏剧节上,格鲁吉亚话剧院演出了莎士比亚的《李尔王》。戏是不换景的(除了下面我要提到的少数两三个戏以外,这次在苏联、波兰所看到的戏绝大多数都不换景,以不变应万变)。舞台一大半仿佛是面剧场的四层楼的包厢的墙壁,在最高的一层上,从始至终有一个扮作观众的假人趴在栏杆上似乎在俯瞰着表演区发生的一切。靠近舞台口的上下一组包厢,让你感觉这也许是我们看戏的剧场的一个组成部分。这部分“包厢”演员可上下出入产生许多舞台调度;舞台的另一面是一条滑行轨道和轨道上的高架平台。再就是一竖排用绳子吊着的小段钢轨,有时十数个人敲击发出声响,有时借助吊杆的移动,产生一种风雨中摇曳的树林的效果。最后戏进入高潮时,整个包厢景片分离,再加上转台的移位,配以灯光和音响,仿佛整个剧场都在倒塌倾斜。这种使观众从感官到心灵受到刺激的效果,恐怕是写实布景所难以达到的。人物造型也挺别致,你难以分清他们的年代、民族、社会。群众角色颇象中国的
On the eve of the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution, our delegation of Chinese dramatists visited the Soviet Union and Poland. To Moscow, that is, the opening of all the Soviet drama festival. Theater Festival, the Georgia Theater performed Shakespeare’s “King Lear.” There is no change of scene (except for the few two or three scenes I will mention below), most of the shows in the Soviet Union and Poland this time do not change scenes and are not to be changed. Most of the stage is like the wall of the four-story box of the theater. On the highest floor, from the beginning to the end, a dummy who looks like an audience on the railings seems to be overlooking the performance area. A set of boxes up and down near the stage makes you feel this may be an integral part of the theater where we watch theater. This part of the “box” cast can come and go from top to bottom to generate a lot of stage scheduling; the other side of the stage is a gliding track and elevated platform on the track. Then there was a short section of rail suspended by a vertical row of rails, sometimes making dozens of beatings, sometimes with the help of a boom, creating a forest of trees swaying in the wind and rain. When the final show reached its climax, the entire box was separated, coupled with the turntable’s displacement, accompanied by lights and sound, as if the entire theater was collapsing. The effect of stimulating the audience from the senses to the mind is probably beyond the reach of realistic scenes. Character styling is also very unique, you can not distinguish their age, nation, society. The role of the masses quite like China