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汉语词汇史研究已有多年的历史,积累了辉煌的研究成果。在此情况下,为了进一步推进汉语历史词汇研究,我们应该借鉴什么样的新的研究观点,选择什么样的研究方向呢?为了回答此问题,本文尝试提出以下三种较新的研究方法及观点:即(一)探用文献考证法与语言地理学结合的方法。即笔者指出,有时我们可以看到某些情况只有同时采用这两种方法才能搞清;(二)运用历史语用论的方法。即尽管笔者未能看到把此方法应用於汉语词汇史研究的具体情况,但是可以认为此方法在汉语词汇研究史上应具有很大的重要性;(三)持有汉语词汇在域外地区会有不同演变的观点。即笔者认为,有了这种观点,我们才可以完整地认识到汉字与词汇之间的复杂的关系。本文在讨论这三种研究方法及观点时,将以“子”一词及其相关词汇的历时演变为例,进行个案问题的探讨。
Chinese vocabulary history has many years of history, has accumulated brilliant research results. Under such circumstances, in order to further promote the study of Chinese historical words, what kind of new research perspective should we draw on and what kind of research direction should we choose? In order to answer this question, we try to propose the following three newer research methods and ideas : That is, (a) explore the method of textual research and linguistic geography. That is to say, the author points out that sometimes we can see that some situations can be solved only by using both methods at the same time. Second, we should use the method of historical pragmatics. That is to say, this method can be considered as having a great importance in the history of Chinese vocabulary research even though I have not been able to see the application of this method in the study of the history of Chinese vocabulary. (3) Different evolution perspectives. I believe that, with this view, we can fully understand the complex relationship between Chinese characters and vocabulary. When discussing these three research methods and opinions, this article takes the evolution of the term “Zi” and its related words as an example to discuss the case study.