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以邻近地块农田土壤作对照,研究了栽植5、20、30年苹果园土壤pH值与养分离子的变化。结果表明:试验区不同栽植年限苹果园0~20、20~40 cm土层土壤pH值呈下降趋势,栽植30年苹果园不同土层土壤pH值分别为4.82、4.45;栽植20年内苹果园土壤pH值变化较大,栽植20~30年间土壤pH值变化较小;苹果园土壤pH值下降的同时伴随次生盐渍化现象。0~20、20~40cm土层土壤水溶性离子中,以SO42-为主,分别占51.3%、56.2%,其次为Na+和Ca2+,Na+分别占23.0%、23.3%,Ca2+分别占15.4%、18.5%。参照全国第二次土壤普查养分分级结果,调查苹果园0~40 cm土层土壤中磷、钾元素有余,而全氮、有机质及锌、硼等微量元素不足。
Taking the adjacent farmland soil as a control, the changes of pH and nutrient ions in apple orchard during 5, 20 and 30 years of planting were studied. The results showed that the pH values of 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in apple orchard decreased with different planting years in the experimental area. The soil pH values in different soil layers of apple orchard for three decades after planting were 4.82 and 4.45, respectively. The pH value changed a lot. The change of soil pH value was small between 20 and 30 years after planting. The pH value of apple orchard decreased with secondary salinization. Among the soil water-soluble ions in 0 ~ 20 and 20 ~ 40cm soil layers, SO42- dominated, accounting for 51.3% and 56.2% respectively, followed by Na + and Ca2 +, with Na + accounting for 23.0% and 23.3% 18.5%. According to the results of the second national soil census, the contents of phosphorus and potassium in 0-40 cm soil layer of apple orchard were investigated. However, total nitrogen, organic matter and trace elements such as zinc and boron were insufficient.