以邻近地块农田土壤作对照,研究了栽植5、20、30年苹果园土壤pH值与养分离子的变化。结果表明:试验区不同栽植年限苹果园0~20、20~40 cm土层土壤pH值呈下降趋势,栽植30年苹果园不同土层土壤pH值分别为4.82、4.45;栽植20年内苹果园土壤pH值变化较大,栽植20~30年间土壤pH值变化较小;苹果园土壤pH值下降的同时伴随次生盐渍化现象。0~20、20~40cm土层土壤水溶性离子中,以SO42-为主,分别占51.3%、56.2%,其次为Na+和Ca2+,Na+分别占23.0%、23.3%,Ca2+分别占15.4%、18.5%。参照全国第二次土壤普查养分分级结果,调查苹果园0~40 cm土层土壤中磷、钾元素有余,而全氮、有机质及锌、硼等微量元素不足。 Taking the adjacent farmland soil as a control, the changes of pH and nutrient ions in apple orchard during 5, 20 and 30 years of planting were studied. The results showed that the pH values ​​of 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers in apple orchard decreased with different planting years in the experimental area. The soil pH values ​​in different soil layers of apple orchard for three decades after planting were 4.82 and 4.45, respectively. The pH value changed a lot. The change of soil pH value was small between 20 and 30 years after planting. The pH value of apple orchard decreased with secondary salinization. Among the soil water-soluble ions in 0 ~ 20 and 20 ~ 40cm soil layers, SO42- dominated, accounting for 51.3% and 56.2% respectively, followed by Na + and Ca2 +, with Na + accounting for 23.0% and 23.3% 18.5%. According to the results of the second national soil census, the contents of phosphorus and potassium in 0-40 cm soil layer of apple orchard were investigated. However, total nitrogen, organic matter and trace elements such as zinc and boron were insufficient.