政治学者有两大类。一是可称之为纯粹、简单的不清醒的思想者(unconscious thinker),他们占据绝大多数。二是过度自觉的思想者(over-conscious thinker),他们居于少数。之所以这么说,是因为他们的方法和理论之标准取自于“范式性的”自然科学。不清醒的思想者与过度自觉的思想者之间的巨大鸿沟,已为日益纯熟的统计技术和研究技术所掩盖。大多数标榜为“方法”的著作,实际上只是专心于调查技术与社会统计的介析,对于“方法论”所应共同关 There are two major types of political scholars. One can be called a pure, simple unconscious thinker, who make up the overwhelming majority. Second, over-conscious thinkers, who live in the minority. The reason for this is that their methodological and theoretical standards are derived from “paradigmatic” natural sciences. The vast gap between unsuspecting thinkers and over-conscious thinkers has been overshadowed by the growing sophistication of statistical and research techniques. Most of the works advertised as “method ” are in fact only devoted to the analysis of survey techniques and social statistics, and to the commonality of “Methodology ”