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在出土文物中,金器是非常重要的器物之一。金器的数量、艺术造型,往往与墓主的身份、地位有紧密联系。在陪葬器物中,除金器外,常有铜器和其他物品,它们比金器容易腐蚀,因而常常使同处一墓室的金器沾上铜锈、铁锈等。锈状物的存在,破坏了金器的品相,掩盖了金器的花纹,既不利观赏,也不利研究。因此,带锈金器必须进行科学清洗,还其本来面目。一般而言,金器的清洗方法多种多样,可根据具体情况,采用不同的清洗配方进行清洗。对于金器表面的石灰质锈壳,一般使用1%的稀硝酸局部涂刷,即能将锈壳去除。若是有机类污垢,如油污等,可用2%的氢氧化钠溶液浸泡清除。除此而外,经常使用的金器清洗剂,还有有机溶剂乙醚、酒精、苯和丙酮,以及中性表面活性剂、氨水等。出土的明代月牙形云龙纹金饰曾被处理过。此明代金饰出土时表面有黑色、蓝色和褐色硬块状的锈状物,黑色锈状物占主要部分。锈状物平均厚度约1.5mm,表面粗糙不平。经试验表明,一般机械工具无法剔除,若使用强力机械工具,难免对器物本身造成损害。因此,不能采用机械工具除锈。通过仔细观察,锈状物极有可能是墓室内银器和铜器与墓室内其
In the unearthed artifacts, gold is one of the very important artifacts. The number of gold, art style, often with the identity of the tomb, status are closely linked. In the funerary objects, in addition to gold, there are often bronze and other objects, which are more likely to corrode than gold, so often place gold in a tomb with copper, rust and so on. The presence of rust, destroyed the quality of gold, covering the pattern of gold, neither favorable viewing, but also unfavorable research. Therefore, with gold rust must be scientific cleaning, but also its true colors. In general, a variety of gold cleaning methods, according to the specific circumstances, using different cleaning formula for cleaning. For the calcareous surface rusty gold shell, the general use of 1% dilute nitric acid local brushing, that is, the rust can be removed. If organic dirt, such as oil, etc., available 2% sodium hydroxide solution soaked clear. In addition, the commonly used gold cleaning agent, as well as organic solvents ether, alcohol, benzene and acetone, and neutral surfactants, ammonia and so on. Unearthed crescent-shaped cloud dragon jewelry has been processed. This Ming Dynasty unearthed gold surface black, blue and brown hard lumps of rust, black rust accounted for the major part. Rusty average thickness of about 1.5mm, rough surface uneven. The tests show that the general mechanical tools can not be removed, if the use of powerful mechanical tools, it is inevitable damage to the objects themselves. Therefore, you can not use mechanical tools rust. By careful observation, the rust is most likely to be inside the tomb with silversmiths and bronzes inside the tomb