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肺癌是恶性肿瘤中的高危险人群,半个世纪来,在工业发达的国家,肺癌死亡率大约以每10年增加一倍的速度增长。目前,英、美、法及西德等24个国家及地区的肺癌死亡率已居恶性肿瘤的首位。我国工业的发展虽起步较晚,但在发展比较早的城市、工矿地区,肺癌的发病率和死亡率也表现出急速增加的趋势。如上海、北京、天津、沈阳、广州、南京的化工区、鞍山及个旧的厂矿区肺癌的死亡率或男性肺癌死亡率都先后跃居到恶性肿瘤中的首位或男性恶性肿瘤中的首位;女性肺癌在女性恶性肿瘤中的位次,也正逐渐上移。因此,对肺癌制订有效地预防和控制措施,已成为当务之急。本文仅就发生肺癌的高危险人群和高危险因子加以综述,以供制订控制措施时参考。
Lung cancer is a high-risk group of people with malignant tumors. For half a century, in industrialized countries, lung cancer mortality has risen roughly every 10 years. At present, lung cancer death rates in 24 countries and regions such as Britain, the United States, France and West Germany have become the top places for malignant tumors. Although the industrial development in our country started relatively late, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer also showed a sharp increase in the cities and industrial and mining areas where the development was relatively early. For example, the death rates of lung cancer or male lung cancer in Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin, Shenyang, Guangzhou and Nanjing Chemical Industry Parks, Anshan and Gejiu factories and mines all rank the first place among malignant tumors or male malignant tumors. Female The ranking of lung cancer in female malignancies is also gradually moving up. Therefore, the formulation of effective prevention and control measures for lung cancer has become a top priority. This article reviews only those high-risk groups and high-risk patients who develop lung cancer for reference when setting control measures.