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目的通过对重庆市2013-2015年鼠类监测结果分析,掌握鼠的密度、种群结构和季节消长等动态变化规律,为重庆市鼠类防治工作提供科学依据。方法外环境采用鼠迹法,室内采用粘鼠板法进行监测。于每年3月、6月、9月、11月,每月中旬监测1次。结果重庆市2013-2015年外环境平均路径指数为2.37处/km,以2015年最高(2.46处/km),室内环境平均粘捕率为3.89%,以2013年最高(4.28%);外环境中的垃圾中转站和公厕周围的鼠密度明显高于其他监测场所,室内环境中的农贸市场和餐饮店明显高于其他监测场所;鼠类活动高峰主要在3月和9月;主要优势鼠种为小家鼠,占捕获总数的45%。结论基本掌握了重庆市鼠密度及季节消长规律,建议根据鼠类栖息习性及季节消长特点,采取环境治理为基础的综合性防治措施,在高峰前集中开展防鼠、灭鼠工作,继续加强对鼠类的长期监测,以减少鼠传疾病的发生和流行。
OBJECTIVE: To provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of rodent pests in Chongqing by analyzing the results of rodents surveillance in 2013-2015 in Chongqing and grasping the dynamic changes of density, population structure and seasonal fluctuation in rats. Method of external environment using the mouse method, indoor use sticky mouse plate method for monitoring. In March each year, June, September, November, mid-monthly monitoring once. Results In 2013-2015, the average external path index of Chongqing was 2.37 / km, the highest in 2015 (2.46 / km), the average indoor capture rate of 3.89% in 2013, and the highest in 2013 (4.28%). The external environment In the garbage transfer station and public toilets around the rat density was significantly higher than other monitoring sites, the indoor environment in the farmer’s market and restaurant is significantly higher than other monitoring sites; rodents peak activity mainly in March and September; the main dominant species Mus musculus, accounting for 45% of the total captured. Conclusion The rodent density and seasonal pattern of growth and decline in Chongqing are basically mastered. It is suggested that comprehensive prevention and control measures based on environmental management should be taken according to the habitat and seasonal growth of rodents. Concentration of rodent control and rodent control should be carried out before the peak, Long-term monitoring of rodents to reduce the incidence and prevalence of rodent-borne diseases.