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目的了解深圳市6～12岁儿童高血压和肥胖的流行现况,为成年期疾病的早期预防提供相关依据。方法采用随机整群抽样法,抽取深圳市4所小学1 140名6～12岁学生进行问卷调查并测量血压、身高、体重等生长发育指标。结果深圳市6～12岁儿童高血压患病率为10.26%,其中男童11.04%,女童9.29%;男童超重率和肥胖率分别为13.25%和13.72%,女童超重率和肥胖率分别为9.09%和8.10%;随年龄增长血压逐渐上升,以收缩压升高更为显著。控制了年龄、性别因素后,体质指数与血压呈独立正相关,体质指数与收缩压和舒张压的偏相关系数分别为0.462和0.357(P<0.001);与正常体重组相比,超重者和肥胖者发生高血压相对危险度(RR)分别为1.97和5.76。结论深圳地区6～12岁儿童高血压流行形式严峻,加大健康教育与行为危险因素干预、控制儿童青少年超重和肥胖是预防高血压的重要措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and obesity in children aged 6 ~ 12 years in Shenzhen and provide relevant evidence for the early prevention of adult diseases. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 140 students from 6 to 12 years old from 4 primary schools in Shenzhen to conduct questionnaire survey and measure the growth and development indexes such as blood pressure, height and weight. Results The prevalence of hypertension among children aged 6 ~ 12 was 10.26% in Shenzhen, including 11.04% for boys and 9.29% for girls; overweight and obesity rates were 13.25% and 13.72% for boys, respectively. The rates of overweight and obesity in girls were 9.09% and 8.10%. With age, blood pressure gradually increased and systolic blood pressure increased more significantly. After controlling for age and gender, the body mass index and blood pressure showed an independent and positive correlation. The partial correlation coefficients between body mass index and systolic and diastolic pressures were 0.462 and 0.357, respectively (P <0.001). Compared with normal weight group, The relative risk of developing hypertension in obese people (RR) was 1.97 and 5.76, respectively. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in children aged 6 ~ 12 years in Shenzhen is severe. Interventions with health education and behavioral risk factors are increasing. Controlling overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is an important measure to prevent hypertension.