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目的:探讨临海市出生缺陷发生状况、变化趋势及相关因素,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法:根据《中国出生缺陷监测方案》,对临海市2008年10月1日～2009年9月30日在监测医院住院分娩的围产儿出生缺陷进行监测(包括死胎、死产和治疗性引产),观察出生缺陷动态变化及其相关因素。结果:出生缺陷发生率30.03‰,且发生率在逐年上升。出生缺陷前5位依次为先天性心脏病、多指并指、外耳畸形、唇裂腭裂、神经管畸形(无脑畸形、脊柱裂、脑膨出)。出生缺陷发生与性别无关,城镇及沿海区域发生率明显高于西北山区,产妇≥30岁年龄组高于30岁以下组。结论:广泛开展预防出生缺陷知识宣传教育,进行优生优育宣传指导,加强孕前、孕期保健、遗传咨询和提高产前诊断技术,适时终止妊娠;整治环境污染,为欲孕妇女和孕妇创造优良环境及指导合理均衡饮食,可有效降低出生缺陷发生率。
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status, trends and related factors of birth defects in Linhai City, and provide the basis for making preventive measures. Methods: According to the “Birth Defects Monitoring Program in China”, we monitored the birth defects of babies born in hospitals in Linhai from October 1, 2008 to September 30, 2009 (including stillbirth, stillbirth and therapeutic abortion) , To observe the dynamic changes of birth defects and related factors. Results: The incidence of birth defects was 30.03 ‰, and the incidence increased year by year. The top five birth defects were congenital heart disease, multiple finger injuries, external ear deformities, cleft lip and cleft lip, neural tube defects (anencephaly, spina bifida, encephalocele). The incidence of birth defects has nothing to do with gender, the incidence of urban and coastal areas was significantly higher than the northwestern mountainous areas, maternal ≥30 year-old group was higher than the 30-year-old group. Conclusion: The publicity and education on prevention of birth defects, promotion and guidance of prenatal and postnatal care, prenatal and postnatal care, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis were strengthened and timely termination of pregnancy was carried out. Environmental pollution was rectified to create good environment for pregnant women and pregnant women and Guide a reasonable balanced diet, which can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.