为提高光电编码器的分辨力,并缩小体积,提出一种基于图像处理技术的面阵图像式光电编码器。根据光电编码器的性能指标要求设计了光学码盘;然后,通过互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)图像传感器采集旋转码盘的图案,由复杂可编程逻辑控件(CPLD),数字信号处理器(DSP)组成的处理电路接收图像数据,通过图形识别算法得到粗码角度,并采用改进的基准线质心算法,计算亚像素级的精码角度信息。最后由粗码和精码组成光电编码器测角数据。实验结果表明,设计码盘直径为45mm的图像式光电编码器,在不配备光学镜头的前提下,采用精码细分技术,可实现4096份细分,测角分辨力达到5″,角度测量误差峰峰值为51″。且改进质心算法能有效地抑制噪声,提高测量精度。该图像式编码和精码细分技术可以提高编码器的分辨力,缩小编码器体积,减轻重量。满足航空航天领域对小型化光电编码器的需求。 In order to improve the resolution of the photoelectric encoder and reduce the volume, an image-based photoelectric encoder based on image processing technology is proposed. The optical code wheel is designed according to the performance requirements of the photoelectric coder. Then, the pattern of the rotary code wheel is acquired by a CMOS image sensor, and is composed of a complex programmable logic control (CPLD), a digital signal processor ) Processing circuit to receive the image data, get the coarse code angle through the pattern recognition algorithm, and use the improved baseline centroid algorithm to calculate the sub-pixel level angle information. Finally, the rough code and precision code photoelectric encoder angle measurement data. The experimental results show that the design of optical encoder with code diameter of 45mm can realize 4096 subdivisions with angular resolution of 5 “without the optical lens, The error peak is 51 ”. And the improved centroid algorithm can effectively suppress the noise and improve the measurement accuracy. The image coding and subdivision technology can improve the resolution of the encoder, reduce the size of the encoder and reduce the weight. Meet the aerospace field of miniature optical encoder needs.