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人ＩＣＡＭ－１基因长约１５．５ｋｂ，在其上游区有３个增强基因区和１个抑制基因区。目前认为至少有两种机制参与细胞基础ＩＣＡＭ－１表达的调节，其中一个机制似乎与抑制基因失活有关，该机制负责许多细胞表达低基础水平ＩＣＡＭ－１，并且允许细胞在细胞因子的作用下迅速增强表达ＩＣＡＭ－１。另一机制负责ＩＣＡＭ－１基础表达水平高的细胞，此调节模式与一个激活的抑制基因的存在有关。ＩＬ－１，ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＦＮ－γ等细胞因子与Ｈ２Ｏ２、Ｚｎ２＋、内毒素、部分病毒及其蛋白均对多种细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１基因表达有上调作用。生理浓度视黄酸能增强肿瘤细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１表达，可用于癌症的治疗。针对ＩＣＡＭ－１ｍＲＮＡ的反义核酸能抑制细胞ＩＣＡＭ－１表达，有可能为器官移植提供一种无毒性的免疫抑制治疗的新方法。
The human ICAM-1 gene is about 15.5 kb long and has three enhancer and one suppressor region in its upstream region. It is currently thought that at least two mechanisms are involved in the regulation of cell-based ICAM-1 expression, one of which seems to be involved in the inactivation of suppressors, a mechanism that is responsible for the expression of low-basal levels of ICAM-1 in many cells and allows the cells to function under the influence of cytokines Rapidly enhance ICAM-1 expression. Another mechanism is responsible for cells with high basal levels of ICAM-1, which is associated with the presence of an activated repressor. Cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α and IFN-γ, and H2O2, Zn2 +, endotoxin, some viruses and their proteins all upregulate ICAM-1 gene expression in a variety of cells. Physiological concentration of retinoic acid can enhance the expression of ICAM-1 in tumor cells and can be used in the treatment of cancer. Antisense nucleic acids against ICAM-1 mRNA can inhibit the expression of ICAM-1 in cells, which may provide a new method for organ transplantation for non-toxic immunosuppressive therapy.