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Part One 单词专讲
1. familiar
【分析】familiar用作形容词，意思是：熟悉的，常见的，亲近的，随便的
The old lady looks familiar to me, but I don’t remember her name. 这个老夫人我看起来很熟悉，但是记不得她的名字了。
Familiar friends亲密的朋友
The young man’s manner is too familiar. 年轻人的态度太随便了。
【拓展】
Sth. is familiar to sb.=sb.is familiar with sth.
We are familiar with the song they are singing. =The song they are singing is familiar to us. 我们很熟悉他们唱的那首歌曲。
2. application
【分析】application n.应用，运用，申请
Please fill out the application form and return it.请填好申请表，然后交回。
We received 20 applications for the job. 对于这份工作，我们接到20人申请。
I made five applications but got nothing. 我做了五份求职申请，但都没有成功。
【拓展】apply for申请
I would like to apply for the good post. 我想申请这个好职位。
My sister applied for a teaching post in this school last year. 我姐姐去年在这个学校申请了一个教学岗位。
apply to应用，适用于，与……有关
This kind of rules apply to we middle school students only. 这种规则只适用于我们中学生。
3. relief
【分析】relief n. (病痛，负担等的)减轻，缓解；轻松；宽慰；救济
This medicine can bring relief to the patients. 这种要可以减轻病人的痛苦。
To his relief, his son passed the driving test at last. 使他欣慰的是，他儿子最终通过了驾驶考试。
The medicine gave him some relief. 这药为他减轻了一些痛苦。
The relief supplies will soon be flown to the area where the strong earthquake happened. 救济物资将很快空运到发生强烈地震的地方。
【拓展】relieve v.减轻，解除，缓解
Encouragement is the best way to relieve the children’s pressure. 鼓励是缓解孩子压力的最好方法。
The headmaster was relieved of his post at last. 这个校长最终被解除了职务。
4. admire
【分析】admire vt.陪同，陪伴
动词admire的意思是“赞美，钦佩，羡慕”。常用admire something/ admire somebody for something.
I admired his great courage at that time. 那时我钦佩他的大的勇气。
There is no doubt that I admire her for her bravery. 毫无疑问我钦佩她的勇敢。
【拓展】
Admire也可表示“高兴做某事”，用admire to do。
I would admire to talk with you tonight. 我很高兴今晚能与你交谈。
Admiration名词，用于have an admiration for意思是“对……非常佩服/欣赏”。
We have a great admiration for the people’s heroes. 我们对人民英雄怀有十分钦佩的心情。
5. distant
【分析】distant adj. 遥远的
As is known to all, the sun is distant from the earth. 众所周知，太阳远离地球。
The station is three miles distant from our house. 车站离我们房子3英里远。
There is an old man who is good at making up stories in the distant village. 在那遥远的村子里，有一位善于编故事的老人。
【拓展】distance n. 距离
What’s the distance from Beijing to Shanghai? 北京到上海有多远？
常见短语：in the distance 在远处 at a distance 隔开一段距离 keep sb at a distance 疏远某人 within walking/hearing distance在步行可及／听到叫声的地方
6. distinction
【分析】distinction n. 声誉；区别；差别
All of them have the distinction of helping others. 他们所有人都享有帮助别人的荣誉。
I’m sorry. I can’t make/ draw a distinction between the two books you gave me. 很抱歉，我不能区分你给我的这两本书。
【拓展】distinguish v. 区分，辨别，分清
He is old enough to distinguish right from wrong. 他已经长大了足以区分对和错。
Distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的
Lucy is distinguished for her ability to speak English fluently. 露西因为她的讲流利英语的能力而卓越。
These are the highest distinctions that have been given by the government. 这些是政府所给的最高荣誉。
7. historic
合理安排时间就是节约时间。
【分析】historic adj. 有历史意义的
His grandfather took part in he historic May 4th Movement in 1919. 他的祖父参加具有历史意义的1919年五四运动。
They are busy preparing for the historic talk. 他们在忙着准备这个具有历史意义的会谈。
【拓展】historical adj.有 “历史的”意思。
请把这本历史小说放到抽屉里。
Please put the historical novel into the drawer.
history n. 历史 in history 历史上
There are a lot of historic spots in our city. 我们市里有许多历史古迹。
8. annoy
【分析】annoy vt. 使烦恼，使生气
Don’t annoy others by singing loudly at the moment. 此刻不要大声唱歌以免打扰别人。
I hope you won’t be annoyed by my questions. 我希望你不要被我的这些问题惹烦。
【拓展】
be annoyed with sb for. 因为……对某人生气/厌烦
His mother was annoyed with him for Being rude to their neighbors.
他的母亲因为他对邻居们的粗鲁而生他的气。
be annoyed to do因为做……而恼火
annoying 令人恼火的， annoyed 感到恼火的
He was annoyed to find that the stamps on the envelope had been torn off. 他发现信封上的邮票被人撕走感到恼火。
9. undertake
【分析】undertake v. 着手做，从事，承担
This lawyer undertook the case without a fee. 这个律师免费承办那个案件。
She undertook the organization of the whole scheme. 她负责这个计划的组织工作。
【拓展】undertake to do. 着手做某事，答应做某事
I undertook to teach the children English. 我答应教孩子们的英语。
undertake that 保证
I can’t undertake that you will make a profit. 我不能保证你会获利。
The farmer undertook that the sheep will grow well under his care. 农民保证羊群在他的照顾下会长得很好。
10. arise
【分析】arise vi 发生，产生；起立；起床；起义
Use the money when the need arises. 有需要时就要用这笔钱。
A campaign has arisen. 一场运动发生了。
As students we must arise at dawn. 作为学生，我们必须天亮就起来了。
A strong wind arose in the night. 夜间刮了大风。
【拓展】
arise from…由……引起，由……产生，从……升起，起源于……
Smoke arose from the chimney. 烟从烟囱里升起。
A mist arose from the lake. 湖上起雾了。
New difficulties will arise from such situation. 那种状态将会产生新的问题。
Accidents can arise from carelessness. 粗心会引起事故。
Part Two 词组专讲
11. Be capable of
【分析】Be capable of 有能力做某事
He is quite capable of lying to get out of trouble. 他能够用谎言摆脱麻烦。
You are capable of better work than this. 你能做得更好。
【拓展】
be able to 能做某事
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 火势迅速在宾馆蔓延，但每个人都能离开。
12. in large quantities
【分析】in large quantities 大量地
At that time, many countries bought tea from China in large quantities. 那时侯，许多国家从中国大量地购买茶叶。
Every year, good soil is washed away in large quantities. 每年都有好的土壤大量地被冲刷掉。
【拓展】
large quantities of 或 a large quantity of 意思是“许多的，大量的”，后接可数或不可数名词。 谓语动词的数和quantity的形式一致。
There is a large quantity of students in the library. 图书馆里有许多学生。
Large quantities of of cotton have been shipped to Japan. 大量的棉花已经被船运到日本了。
quantity 量，数量 quality 质量
If you don’t learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.
The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality. 量变引起质变。
13. search for
【分析】search for指“搜寻，寻找某人或某物”。有时也可以用search…for…这个结构，表示“对……进行搜查，以找到……”。
All night long, they were searching for the lost child. 一整个晚上，他们在寻找失踪的孩子。
【拓展】辨析：search，look for
search指“搜查某地或搜身”。它的宾语可以是地点名词或人、衣袋等。如：
look for Look for意思是“寻找”。常见于日常用语。如：
Without permission, they searched the thief. 未经允许，他们搜了小偷的身体。
What are you looking for in the classroom? 你在教室里找什么？
英语中其他search 的短语。
In search of寻找，寻求 in one’s search for 寻找
The police have just searched the building for the murderers. 警察已经搜查了大楼寻找杀手。
As a teacher, you have no right to search my house. 作为老师，你没有权利搜我的房子。
14. choke off
【分析】choke off 阻挡，阻塞
That year, the war choked off diamond shipments from overseas. 那一年，战争阻挡了钻石从海外的运输。
Many vehicles on the express way choked off traffic. 高速公路上许多车辆阻塞了交通。
At last we succeeded in choking off the enemy’s supplies. 我们最终成功地切断了敌人的供给。
【拓展】
choke sth. with sth. 阻塞
choke back 抑制，忍住（愤怒，眼泪等）
The pond was choked with rotten leaves. 池塘被腐烂的叶子塞住了。
The manager choked back his anger and turned back to his office. 经理忍住了怒气转身回了办公室。
15. in addition to
【分析】in addition to的意思是“除了”。
In addition to money, they were provided other rewards. 除了钱，他们还得到了其他奖赏。
He gave me many books in addition to the dictionary. 除了词典，他还给了我许多书。
Apart from/ In addition to flowers, Lao Li also gave some food. 除了鲜花，老李还给了我们一些食物。
【拓展】
in addition的意思是“另外；加之”。
apart from, besides的意思也是“除了”。
Mary has two cars and in addition a motorboat. 马丽有两辆汽车另外一艘机动船。
Grandmother gave us a lot of apples for our picnic and a bag of chocolates in addition. 奶奶给了我们许多苹果野炊还有一包巧克力。
●巩固练习
1. —Are you _______ French, little Jimmy?
—Oh, yes. It is as _______ me as Chinese.
A.familiar with; familiar to
B.familiar to; familiar with
C.familiar to; familiar to
D.familiar with; familiar with
2. The _______ of new scientific discoveries to industrial production makes job easier to do.
A.appoint
B.application
C.adjustment
D.way
3. To our joy, the little boy we met at the party cards as well as some simple toys.
A.was able to making
B.was capable to make
C.was capable to making
D.was capable of making
4. Much to our _______ , the result of the experiment is far better than we have expected before.
A.recipe
B.relief
C.disappointment
D.worry
5. I had never thought my poems were _______ by the famous poet so much.
A.admired
B.inspired
C.wondered
D.promised
6. The young man studied hard at school and at last graduated _______ .
A.without distinction
B.with distinction
C.making a distinction
D.for distinction
7. The history teacher together with his students have been doing some _______ research.
A.history
B.historic
C.historical
D.historie
8. It was _______ when they discussed the simple problem again and again.
A.annoyed
B.annoying
C.to annoy
D.being annoyed
9. Most of the projects _______ by the young engineer on his own.
A.are undertaking
B.are undertaken
C.undertake
D.undertakes
10. Many difficulties have _______ as a result of change over a new type of fuel.
A.risen
B.arisen
C.raised
D.aroused
11. Through the window we could see _______ of food were on the wooden table.
A.amounts
B.numbers
C.number
D.quantities
12. His house had clearly been _______ and the book was missing.
A.searching
B.searched
C.searching for
D.searched for
13. Nowadays high prices have _______ demand.
A.ch oked up
B.choked off
C.choked down
D.choked in
参考答案
1-5ABDBA 6-10BCBBB 11-13DBB
1. familiar
【分析】familiar用作形容词，意思是：熟悉的，常见的，亲近的，随便的
The old lady looks familiar to me, but I don’t remember her name. 这个老夫人我看起来很熟悉，但是记不得她的名字了。
Familiar friends亲密的朋友
The young man’s manner is too familiar. 年轻人的态度太随便了。
【拓展】
Sth. is familiar to sb.=sb.is familiar with sth.
We are familiar with the song they are singing. =The song they are singing is familiar to us. 我们很熟悉他们唱的那首歌曲。
2. application
【分析】application n.应用，运用，申请
Please fill out the application form and return it.请填好申请表，然后交回。
We received 20 applications for the job. 对于这份工作，我们接到20人申请。
I made five applications but got nothing. 我做了五份求职申请，但都没有成功。
【拓展】apply for申请
I would like to apply for the good post. 我想申请这个好职位。
My sister applied for a teaching post in this school last year. 我姐姐去年在这个学校申请了一个教学岗位。
apply to应用，适用于，与……有关
This kind of rules apply to we middle school students only. 这种规则只适用于我们中学生。
3. relief
【分析】relief n. (病痛，负担等的)减轻，缓解；轻松；宽慰；救济
This medicine can bring relief to the patients. 这种要可以减轻病人的痛苦。
To his relief, his son passed the driving test at last. 使他欣慰的是，他儿子最终通过了驾驶考试。
The medicine gave him some relief. 这药为他减轻了一些痛苦。
The relief supplies will soon be flown to the area where the strong earthquake happened. 救济物资将很快空运到发生强烈地震的地方。
【拓展】relieve v.减轻，解除，缓解
Encouragement is the best way to relieve the children’s pressure. 鼓励是缓解孩子压力的最好方法。
The headmaster was relieved of his post at last. 这个校长最终被解除了职务。
4. admire
【分析】admire vt.陪同，陪伴
动词admire的意思是“赞美，钦佩，羡慕”。常用admire something/ admire somebody for something.
I admired his great courage at that time. 那时我钦佩他的大的勇气。
There is no doubt that I admire her for her bravery. 毫无疑问我钦佩她的勇敢。
【拓展】
Admire也可表示“高兴做某事”，用admire to do。
I would admire to talk with you tonight. 我很高兴今晚能与你交谈。
Admiration名词，用于have an admiration for意思是“对……非常佩服/欣赏”。
We have a great admiration for the people’s heroes. 我们对人民英雄怀有十分钦佩的心情。
5. distant
【分析】distant adj. 遥远的
As is known to all, the sun is distant from the earth. 众所周知，太阳远离地球。
The station is three miles distant from our house. 车站离我们房子3英里远。
There is an old man who is good at making up stories in the distant village. 在那遥远的村子里，有一位善于编故事的老人。
【拓展】distance n. 距离
What’s the distance from Beijing to Shanghai? 北京到上海有多远？
常见短语：in the distance 在远处 at a distance 隔开一段距离 keep sb at a distance 疏远某人 within walking/hearing distance在步行可及／听到叫声的地方
6. distinction
【分析】distinction n. 声誉；区别；差别
All of them have the distinction of helping others. 他们所有人都享有帮助别人的荣誉。
I’m sorry. I can’t make/ draw a distinction between the two books you gave me. 很抱歉，我不能区分你给我的这两本书。
【拓展】distinguish v. 区分，辨别，分清
He is old enough to distinguish right from wrong. 他已经长大了足以区分对和错。
Distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的
Lucy is distinguished for her ability to speak English fluently. 露西因为她的讲流利英语的能力而卓越。
These are the highest distinctions that have been given by the government. 这些是政府所给的最高荣誉。
7. historic
合理安排时间就是节约时间。
【分析】historic adj. 有历史意义的
His grandfather took part in he historic May 4th Movement in 1919. 他的祖父参加具有历史意义的1919年五四运动。
They are busy preparing for the historic talk. 他们在忙着准备这个具有历史意义的会谈。
【拓展】historical adj.有 “历史的”意思。
请把这本历史小说放到抽屉里。
Please put the historical novel into the drawer.
history n. 历史 in history 历史上
There are a lot of historic spots in our city. 我们市里有许多历史古迹。
8. annoy
【分析】annoy vt. 使烦恼，使生气
Don’t annoy others by singing loudly at the moment. 此刻不要大声唱歌以免打扰别人。
I hope you won’t be annoyed by my questions. 我希望你不要被我的这些问题惹烦。
【拓展】
be annoyed with sb for. 因为……对某人生气/厌烦
His mother was annoyed with him for Being rude to their neighbors.
他的母亲因为他对邻居们的粗鲁而生他的气。
be annoyed to do因为做……而恼火
annoying 令人恼火的， annoyed 感到恼火的
He was annoyed to find that the stamps on the envelope had been torn off. 他发现信封上的邮票被人撕走感到恼火。
9. undertake
【分析】undertake v. 着手做，从事，承担
This lawyer undertook the case without a fee. 这个律师免费承办那个案件。
She undertook the organization of the whole scheme. 她负责这个计划的组织工作。
【拓展】undertake to do. 着手做某事，答应做某事
I undertook to teach the children English. 我答应教孩子们的英语。
undertake that 保证
I can’t undertake that you will make a profit. 我不能保证你会获利。
The farmer undertook that the sheep will grow well under his care. 农民保证羊群在他的照顾下会长得很好。
10. arise
【分析】arise vi 发生，产生；起立；起床；起义
Use the money when the need arises. 有需要时就要用这笔钱。
A campaign has arisen. 一场运动发生了。
As students we must arise at dawn. 作为学生，我们必须天亮就起来了。
A strong wind arose in the night. 夜间刮了大风。
【拓展】
arise from…由……引起，由……产生，从……升起，起源于……
Smoke arose from the chimney. 烟从烟囱里升起。
A mist arose from the lake. 湖上起雾了。
New difficulties will arise from such situation. 那种状态将会产生新的问题。
Accidents can arise from carelessness. 粗心会引起事故。
Part Two 词组专讲
11. Be capable of
【分析】Be capable of 有能力做某事
He is quite capable of lying to get out of trouble. 他能够用谎言摆脱麻烦。
You are capable of better work than this. 你能做得更好。
【拓展】
be able to 能做某事
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 火势迅速在宾馆蔓延，但每个人都能离开。
12. in large quantities
【分析】in large quantities 大量地
At that time, many countries bought tea from China in large quantities. 那时侯，许多国家从中国大量地购买茶叶。
Every year, good soil is washed away in large quantities. 每年都有好的土壤大量地被冲刷掉。
【拓展】
large quantities of 或 a large quantity of 意思是“许多的，大量的”，后接可数或不可数名词。 谓语动词的数和quantity的形式一致。
There is a large quantity of students in the library. 图书馆里有许多学生。
Large quantities of of cotton have been shipped to Japan. 大量的棉花已经被船运到日本了。
quantity 量，数量 quality 质量
If you don’t learn to think when you are young, you may never learn.
The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality. 量变引起质变。
13. search for
【分析】search for指“搜寻，寻找某人或某物”。有时也可以用search…for…这个结构，表示“对……进行搜查，以找到……”。
All night long, they were searching for the lost child. 一整个晚上，他们在寻找失踪的孩子。
【拓展】辨析：search，look for
search指“搜查某地或搜身”。它的宾语可以是地点名词或人、衣袋等。如：
look for Look for意思是“寻找”。常见于日常用语。如：
Without permission, they searched the thief. 未经允许，他们搜了小偷的身体。
What are you looking for in the classroom? 你在教室里找什么？
英语中其他search 的短语。
In search of寻找，寻求 in one’s search for 寻找
The police have just searched the building for the murderers. 警察已经搜查了大楼寻找杀手。
As a teacher, you have no right to search my house. 作为老师，你没有权利搜我的房子。
14. choke off
【分析】choke off 阻挡，阻塞
That year, the war choked off diamond shipments from overseas. 那一年，战争阻挡了钻石从海外的运输。
Many vehicles on the express way choked off traffic. 高速公路上许多车辆阻塞了交通。
At last we succeeded in choking off the enemy’s supplies. 我们最终成功地切断了敌人的供给。
【拓展】
choke sth. with sth. 阻塞
choke back 抑制，忍住（愤怒，眼泪等）
The pond was choked with rotten leaves. 池塘被腐烂的叶子塞住了。
The manager choked back his anger and turned back to his office. 经理忍住了怒气转身回了办公室。
15. in addition to
【分析】in addition to的意思是“除了”。
In addition to money, they were provided other rewards. 除了钱，他们还得到了其他奖赏。
He gave me many books in addition to the dictionary. 除了词典，他还给了我许多书。
Apart from/ In addition to flowers, Lao Li also gave some food. 除了鲜花，老李还给了我们一些食物。
【拓展】
in addition的意思是“另外；加之”。
apart from, besides的意思也是“除了”。
Mary has two cars and in addition a motorboat. 马丽有两辆汽车另外一艘机动船。
Grandmother gave us a lot of apples for our picnic and a bag of chocolates in addition. 奶奶给了我们许多苹果野炊还有一包巧克力。
●巩固练习
1. —Are you _______ French, little Jimmy?
—Oh, yes. It is as _______ me as Chinese.
A.familiar with; familiar to
B.familiar to; familiar with
C.familiar to; familiar to
D.familiar with; familiar with
2. The _______ of new scientific discoveries to industrial production makes job easier to do.
A.appoint
B.application
C.adjustment
D.way
3. To our joy, the little boy we met at the party cards as well as some simple toys.
A.was able to making
B.was capable to make
C.was capable to making
D.was capable of making
4. Much to our _______ , the result of the experiment is far better than we have expected before.
A.recipe
B.relief
C.disappointment
D.worry
5. I had never thought my poems were _______ by the famous poet so much.
A.admired
B.inspired
C.wondered
D.promised
6. The young man studied hard at school and at last graduated _______ .
A.without distinction
B.with distinction
C.making a distinction
D.for distinction
7. The history teacher together with his students have been doing some _______ research.
A.history
B.historic
C.historical
D.historie
8. It was _______ when they discussed the simple problem again and again.
A.annoyed
B.annoying
C.to annoy
D.being annoyed
9. Most of the projects _______ by the young engineer on his own.
A.are undertaking
B.are undertaken
C.undertake
D.undertakes
10. Many difficulties have _______ as a result of change over a new type of fuel.
A.risen
B.arisen
C.raised
D.aroused
11. Through the window we could see _______ of food were on the wooden table.
A.amounts
B.numbers
C.number
D.quantities
12. His house had clearly been _______ and the book was missing.
A.searching
B.searched
C.searching for
D.searched for
13. Nowadays high prices have _______ demand.
A.ch oked up
B.choked off
C.choked down
D.choked in
参考答案
1-5ABDBA 6-10BCBBB 11-13DBB