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本文综述了人 TPO的基因结构及表达、TPO的结构与功能的关系、TPO与其受体相互作用及信号传导等方面的研究进展。TPO基因和蛋白均存在有多态性 ,可能与基因的剪接方式有关。N端结构域的氨基酸有很高的保守性 ,含有两个与 TPO受体结合的位点 ,这两个位点同时作用于两个 TPO受体 ,使受体形成二聚体 ,受体胞内区的酪氨酸或丝氨酸的磷酸化 ,激活胞膜内 G蛋白信号系统 ,从而激活其后的一系列信号传导。两对二硫键Cys7- Cys1 51 和 Cys2 9- Cys85对保证 N端功能域的形成起重要作用。TPO的 C端结构域氨基酸变异较大 ,富含丝氨酸、苏氨酸和脯氨酸 ,C端的功能为 :调节 TPO的特异活性 ;调控 TPO的循环半衰期 ;促进 TPO生物合成和分泌
This review summarizes the research progress of the gene structure and expression of human TPO, the relationship between structure and function of TPO, the interaction between TPO and its receptor, and signal transduction. TPO genes and proteins exist polymorphisms, which may be related to gene splicing. The amino acids in the N-terminal domain are highly conserved and contain two sites that bind to the TPO receptor, both of which act on two TPO receptors at the same time, allowing the receptor to form a dimer, receptor cell The phosphorylation of tyrosine or serine in the inner region activates the intracellular G protein signaling system, thereby activating a subsequent series of signaling. Two pairs of disulfide bonds Cys7-Cys1 51 and Cys2 9-Cys85 play an important role in ensuring the formation of the N-terminal domain. TPO C-terminal domain amino acid variation is large, rich in serine, threonine and proline, C-terminal function: regulate the specific activity of TPO; TPO cycle-regulation half-life; promote TPO biosynthesis and secretion