自从历史哲学家放弃了他们旨在阐明人类进化的宏大规划,集中力量解决历史方法和历史知识问题以来,要找到一个具有真正哲学能力的历史家,或是一位具有真正的历史感觉的哲学家,真是凤毛麟角。马鲁就是这样一个历史学家,而德雷正是这样一个哲学家。这里的结果是使历史问题的讨论达到一个新的阶段,即历史和哲学双方的意见在三个主要论点上是趋于一致的。这三个论点是:(1)排斥历史理论中的各种“主义”,不管它是武断的唯心主义、 Since the philosophers of history have given up their ambitious plans to clarify human evolution and concentrated on resolving the problems of historical methods and historical knowledge, they have to find a historian with true philosophical abilities or a philosopher with a true historical sense It is rare. Maru is such a historian, and Draeger is such a philosopher. The result here is to bring the discussion of the question of history to a new stage where the opinions of both history and philosophy converge on three main points. These three arguments are: (1) rejection of the various “theories” of historical theory, whether it is arbitrary idealism,