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图式是人脑中有组织的一种知识结构。一个人重复地接触某人、某事或某物,在头脑中就会形成相应的图式。社会图式随人类的经历而产生,在不同的文化背景下产生的社会图式截然不同。对于跨文化交际,图式理论与其密切相关。本文以社会图式理论为依据,分析在跨文化交际的过程中,由于相应社会图式的差异或缺失会导致交际失误或失败。为避免交际受到阻碍,我们不能被一定的图式即“刻板印象”所禁锢,在跨文化交际的进程中应依据不同社会情景对社会图式做出相应调整。
Schema is an organized knowledge structure in human brain. A person repeatedly touches someone, something or something and forms the corresponding schema in his mind. Social schema evolves with the experience of human beings, and produces different social schema under different cultural backgrounds. Schema theory is closely related to intercultural communication. Based on the theory of social schemata, this article analyzes that in the process of intercultural communication, the differences or absences of corresponding social schemata lead to the mistakes or failures of communication. In order to avoid the obstruction of communication, we can not be imprisoned by a certain schema, ie, “stereotyped”. In the process of intercultural communication, social schemata should be adjusted according to different social situations.