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跨国公司开放式创新的特点主要表现为创新主体的多元化、创新网络的开放性和动态性,这种创新活动可以为跨国公司发展带来积极效应,但也存在着不确定性和风险。从创新过程来看,风险表现为外部创新主体的能力和行为的不确定以及跨国公司自身协调能力的不确定;从创新结果来看,风险表现为知识产权保护风险和创新的惯性与系统锁定风险。一个稳定的开放式创新合作关系是创新主体之间利益博弈均衡的结果,有效的风险规避机制可通过利益分配、创新激励、惩戒和知识产权管理等正式契约机制以及信任、声誉等非正式契约机制而构建起来。
The characteristics of MNCs’ open innovation mainly include the diversification of innovation entities, the openness and dynamicness of innovation networks, and such innovation activities can bring positive effects to the development of MNCs. However, there are also uncertainties and risks. From the point of view of innovation process, risk manifests itself as the uncertainty of capability and behavior of external innovation subject and the uncertainty of multinational corporation’s own coordination ability. From the result of innovation, risk manifests itself as the risk of inertia and system lock-in risk of intellectual property protection . A stable cooperative relationship between open innovation and innovation is the result of a balanced game of interests between innovative subjects. An effective risk aversion mechanism can be achieved through formal contract mechanisms such as profit sharing, innovation incentives, disciplinary actions and intellectual property management, as well as informal contractual mechanisms such as trust and reputation Build it up.